Leopard predation is apparently a significant cause of mortality in chimpanzees at Taï and Lopé National Parks. The chimpanzee makes a night nest in a tree in a new location every night, with every chimpanzee in a separate nest other than infants or juvenile chimpanzees, which sleep with their mothers. The chimpanzee has an advanced cognitive map of its home range and can repeatedly find food. At Taï, it can be found in the last remaining tropical rain forest in Ivory Coast. At Bossou, the chimpanzee inhabits multistage secondary deciduous forests, which have grown after shifting cultivation, as well as primary forests and grasslands. In Gombe, the chimpanzee lives in subalpine moorland, open woodland, semideciduous forest, evergreen forest, and grassland with scattered trees. It lives in a variety of habitats, including dry savanna, evergreen rainforest, montane forest, swamp forest and dry woodland-savanna mosaic. The chimpanzee is a highly adaptable species.
The biggest threats to the common chimpanzee are habitat loss, poaching and disease. Between 170,000 and 300,000 individuals are estimated across its range in the forests and Savannah’s of West and Central Africa. The chimpanzee is listed on the IUCN Red List as an endangered species. The species has also been found creating sharpened sticks to spear Senegal bushbabies out of small holes in trees. Nearly all chimpanzee populations have been recorded using tools, modifying sticks, rocks, grass and leaves and using them for acquiring honey, termites, ants, nuts and water. The species lives in a male-dominated, strict hierarchy, which means disputes can generally be settled without the need for violence. The chimpanzee lives in groups which range in size from 15 to 150 members, although individuals travel and forage in much smaller groups during the day. Its lifespan in the wild is 36 years and its lifespan in captivity is about 50 years. The infant is weaned at about three years old, but usually maintains a close relationship with its mother for several more years it reaches puberty at the age of eight to 10. It is considered more robust than the bonobo, weighing between 40 and 65 kg (88 and 143 lb) and measuring about 63 to 94 cm (25 to 37 in). The chimpanzee is covered in coarse black hair, but has a bare face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. The chimpanzee is a species of great ape.
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